COMPLETE PURE SINE WAVE BOARD

It’s a double-layer board with separate control and power driver sections, created in Proteus by our company Casino Digital Tech.

Let’s break down every part of this design step by step 👇

1. Overall Layout Overview

This board combines:

• Control Stage (upper section) — handles logic, PWM generation, voltage sensing, feedback, and LCD/keypad interface.

• Driver & Power Stage (lower section) — drives MOSFETs/IGBTs in the H-bridge inverter stage and manages high current switching.

You can see the board clearly divided horizontally:

• 🔹 Top half = Control & Low voltage.

• 🔹 Bottom half = Power Driver (Gate drivers, capacitors, and H-bridge interface).

2. Control Section (Top Half)

a. Microcontroller & Timing

• Dspic30f2010 socket (U1 area)
  Generates SPWM (Sine Pulse Width Modulation) signals for inverter operation.

• Crystal (6.144 MHz) — precise timing for SPWM generation.

• Reset and decoupling network around MCU ensures stability.

b. Display and Interface

• LCD Connector (labeled LCD) — connects to a 16x2 or 20x4 LCD to display voltage, frequency, mode, etc.

• KEYPAD Connector — for user settings (mode select, up/down, set).

c. Sensing Inputs

• Battery Sensor — voltage divider networks labeled:

  47K for 12V
  100K for 24V
  220K for 48V
  

  Used for scaling battery voltage to ADC input range (0–5V).

• Current Sensor Input — uses LM393 comparator and shunt resistor to monitor load current.

• AC Voltage Feedback — voltage sense from inverter output via resistor divider → rectified → LM393/LM358 comparator for RMS monitoring.

• Temperature Sensor — nearby NTC input (marked “Thermistor”) to detect transformer or MOSFET heat.

d. Power Regulation

• 7805 Regulator (U5/U6) — generates +5V for control logic and sensors.

• Filter capacitors (10µF/50V, 104, 470µF/50V) ensure clean DC for MCU.

e. Protection & Buzzer

• BUZ — alarm buzzer, triggered on fault (low battery, overload, etc.).

• 1N4148 diodes — used for signal isolation and protection.

• Relay section (12V Relay) near AC-IN — controls bypass or charger relay.

3. Driver Section (Middle Zone)

a. Gate Driver Stage

• TLP250 ICs (Optocoupler Driver ICs) — isolate and drive the high-side and low-side MOSFETs.

  • Each TLP250 drives a pair of MOSFETs (one high-side, one low-side) in the H-bridge.

  • Four TLP250s indicate a full-bridge inverter topology.

• BD139 transistor — pre-driver or gate booster for MOSFETs.

• Resistors (4.7Ω, 10Ω) — gate resistors controlling switching speed.

• 1N4148 diodes — feedback diodes to discharge gate charge quickly during switching.

b. Gate Supply and Decoupling

• 18V Gate Drive Supply — used for powering TLP250 drivers (seen near +18V labels).

• 100nF (104) and 470µF capacitors — decouple gate driver power for stability.

4. Power Output Section (Bottom Half)

a. H-Bridge MOSFET/IGBT Section

• L1, L2, H1, H2 — large pads for MOSFETs/IGBTs (mounted on heatsink).

  • Likely four or eight power switches depending on capacity.

  • Connected in full-bridge topology for AC output generation.

• 4700µF/50V capacitors — used for DC bus filtering to smooth battery voltage before inversion.

• Thick red traces — high current DC bus lines.

• Blue traces — ground return path.

b. Output and Transformer Interface

• N-IN / N-OUT terminals — connection points to transformer primary windings.

• AC-IN/OUT terminals — grid and output connections for charging or bypass.

• Relay (12V) — used for automatic changeover (switch between inverter and grid supply).

5. Additional Components

• LM393 — dual comparator for current and voltage feedback.

• TLP250 section filtering — ensures clean PWM drive.

• 1N5408/1N4007 diodes — power path protection and flyback suppression.

6. System Operation Summary

 Modes:

1. Inverter Mode:

   • Microcontroller generates SPWM.

   • TLP250 drivers switch MOSFETs alternately to create AC at the transformer output.

   • Feedback ensures stable 230V AC output.

2. Charging / Bypass Mode:

   • Relay connects AC-IN to battery and output.

   • MCU monitors battery voltage via the divider and cuts off when full.

3. Protection Features:

   • Overload: sensed by LM393 comparator and shuts down inverter.

   • Low Battery: buzzer alert and inverter cutoff.

   • Overheat: thermistor detection stops inverter.

   • Short Circuit: immediate relay release.

7. Design Credit

Printed label shows:

CASINO DIGITAL TECH ENGINEERING SERVICES
Smart Pure Sine Wave Inverter – 500W–3500W
PCB designed by your team.

That matches your company’s known inverter line.

8. Key Features Identified

Feature	Component
MCU control	DSPIC30F2010
SPWM generation	Firmware on MCU
Gate drive isolation	TLP250
Power switching	MOSFET/IGBT bank
Current feedback	LM393 + shunt
Battery sensing	Resistor network
LCD Display	LCD connector
User input	Keypad port
Protections	Overload, Overheat, Low Batt
Output	230V AC pure sine
Capacity range	500W – 3500W

Contact: +2348146005581

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Smart Energy Manager

This circuit is built around an ATmega32 microcontroller 

Let’s go through the schematic section by section 

1. Main Controller (U1 — ATmega32)

• U1: ATmega32
  This is an 8-bit AVR microcontroller that forms the brain of the circuit.
  It handles:

  • Input from sensors (via ADC pins)

  • Output to relays (for devices like lights, siren, or water sprinklers)

  • Control logic for energy or animal deterrent operations.

• Pins:

  • XTAL1/XTAL2: Connected to the crystal oscillator (X1) for clock generation.

  • VCC & GND: Power supply (regulated 5V).

  • RESET: Connected via R4 (10kΩ) and push button (J1 header) for manual reset.

  • PORTA/PORTC: Used for analog and digital inputs.

  • PORTB/PORTD: Used for outputs controlling relays and other devices.

2. Clock Section

• X1, C1, C2:

  • Crystal oscillator (commonly 16MHz) with 33pF capacitors for stable timing.

  • Provides the clock frequency for the ATmega32.

3. Sensor Input Section

• LM358 (U4B) — Operational Amplifier:

  • Used here as a comparator or amplifier for analog signal conditioning (e.g., sound, vibration, or motion sensor).

  • The resistors R5–R13 form a voltage divider and gain control network.

  • Likely connected to an analog sensor (PIR, LDR, or ultrasonic receiver).

• R12 (47Ω) & R13 (2kΩ) set sensitivity and feedback for amplification.

• The amplified analog signal from LM358 goes to ATmega32 ADC input, allowing the MCU to measure signal intensity (e.g., noise, movement, or light).

4. Power Supply Section

There are two 7805 regulators (U3 & U7):

• U7 (7805): Regulates 5V from a higher input voltage (like 12V DC) for powering logic circuits (microcontroller and sensors).

• U3 (7805): Appears to provide isolated or separate regulated 5V for relays or sensors to reduce interference.

• C3 (1000µF) & C4 (10µF) are decoupling capacitors to stabilize the output voltage.

• D4, D5 (1N4007 diodes): Protect against reverse polarity.

---

🔊 5. Relay Driver Section (Q1, Q2, Q3)

Each relay is controlled by a transistor switch:

Relay	Transistor	Diode	Function
RL1	Q1 (BC547B)	D1 (1N4007)	Drives a load (e.g., siren or light)
RL2	Q2 (BC557B)	D2 (1N4007)	Drives another load
RL3	Q3 (BC547B)	D3 (1N4007)	Drives third load

• Base resistors (R1, R2, R3) limit current to the transistor bases.

• Flyback diodes (D1–D3) protect transistors from back-EMF generated by relay coils.

• Relay type: G5LE-1-DC5 (5V relay).

Each relay can switch a higher power device like a buzzer, LED light, sprinkler motor, or ultrasonic sound emitter.

6. Terminal Blocks (J4–J8)

These connectors link external devices:

• J4–J8: Outputs to external loads (lights, buzzer, or other deterrents).

• J2–J3: DS3132 / I2C LCD.

• J7: Power input terminal (e.g., 12V AC).

• J1: Programming or reset header for ATmega32.

7. Function Overview (Likely Operation)

Here’s how the system probably works:

1. Sensor Detection:

   • A motion or sound sensor detects an animal or movement in a restricted area.

   • The LM358 amplifies or conditions this signal and sends it to the ATmega32’s ADC pin.

2. Microcontroller Decision:

   • The ATmega32 processes the input; if detection exceeds a set threshold, it activates outputs (relays).

3. Output Activation:

   • Relays energize, powering deterrent devices like:

     • A buzzer or siren (RL1)

     • Flashing light (RL2)

     • Water sprinkler (RL3)

4. Automatic Reset:

   • After a set time, the microcontroller deactivates the relays, saving power.

8. Optional Modules

• BH-68A-1 near U5/U6: These look like infrared or ultrasonic sensors or sensor driver modules connected to the MCU input pins.

• ZGB108 (U2): A relay driver or sensor module connection interface.

Summary of Main Components

Component	Function
ATmega32	Main control unit
LM358	Amplifier/comparator for sensor input
BC547/BC557	Relay driver transistors
G5LE Relays	Switch deterrent devices
7805 Regulators	Provide stable 5V supply
1N4007 Diodes	Protection from reverse voltage and inductive spikes
Crystal (16MHz)	Provides clock for MCU
Resistors/Capacitors	Signal conditioning and filtering

DOWNLOAD FILE HERE

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Solar Power Monitoring Device Using ESP32, DC Current and Voltage Sensors for Online Monitoring

As the demand for renewable energy grows, solar power systems are becoming more widespread. However, maintaining optimal performance and ensuring the system's efficiency requires monitoring key parameters like voltage, current, and power output. With the advancements in IoT technology, it’s now possible to build a Solar Power Monitoring Device using an ESP32 microcontroller, DC current and voltage sensors, and online monitoring capabilities. This article outlines how to design and implement such a system, providing real-time data access and system control remotely.

Why Monitor Solar Power Systems?

Monitoring solar power systems offers several benefits:

1. Optimize Performance: Monitoring helps to ensure that the system is working at maximum efficiency.
2. Prevent Failures: Real-time monitoring allows for early detection of issues such as poor connections, faulty wiring, or malfunctioning panels.
3. Track Power Generation: It enables you to track the amount of power generated daily, weekly, or monthly, ensuring you’re getting the most from your system.
4. Remote Control: With IoT integration, the system can be accessed remotely, allowing you to monitor and control your solar setup from anywhere.

Components Required

Here’s what you’ll need to build the Solar Power Monitoring Device:

• ESP32 Microcontroller: A powerful and versatile microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for IoT functionality.
• DC Voltage Sensor: A sensor to measure the voltage from the solar panels or battery.
  • Example: Voltage Divider Circuit (or INA219 for both voltage and current measurement)
• DC Current Sensor: A sensor to measure the current flowing from the solar panel or battery.
  • Example: ACS712 Current Sensor or INA219
• LCD Display (Optional): To locally display real-time voltage, current, and power.
• Wi-Fi Module (ESP32’s built-in): For sending data to a cloud platform for remote monitoring.
• Cloud IoT Platform: To monitor and analyze data remotely (e.g., Blynk, ThingSpeak, Firebase, or custom server).
• Power Supply: 5V power supply for the ESP32 and sensors.
• Jumper Wires: For making connections.
• PCB (Optional): For a cleaner, more professional build.

Working Principle

The Solar Power Monitoring Device measures the voltage and current coming from the solar panel or battery using sensors connected to the ESP32. The ESP32 then processes the sensor data and calculates the power output of the solar system. The processed data is displayed on an LCD screen (optional) for local monitoring and is sent over Wi-Fi to a cloud platform for remote monitoring and data logging.

Key Features:

• Real-time Voltage and Current Measurement: Accurate tracking of the solar panel’s output.
• Power Calculation: Using the formula:
  $$\text{Power (W)} = \text{Voltage (V)} \times \text{Current (A)}$$
• Online Monitoring: Via Wi-Fi, data is sent to a cloud platform for remote access and historical analysis.
• Alerts and Notifications: Users can set up notifications when voltage or current drops below or exceeds certain thresholds.
• Historical Data Analysis: The system can track solar performance over time, providing insights for maintenance and optimization.

Schematic Diagram

Below is a basic schematic diagram showing the connections between the ESP32, current and voltage sensors, and the solar system.

Key Connections:

• Voltage Sensor: Connect the voltage sensor across the terminals of the solar panel or battery to measure the DC voltage. If using a voltage divider, ensure the resistor values are appropriate for the voltage range.
• Current Sensor: The current sensor should be placed in series with the solar panel’s positive output to measure the current flowing to the load or battery.
• ESP32: The sensors connect to the ESP32’s analog input pins (e.g., GPIO34 for voltage and GPIO35 for current).
• Wi-Fi: The ESP32’s built-in Wi-Fi module connects to your home network or a mobile hotspot to send data to a cloud platform.

Software and Code

The software consists of three main parts:

1. Reading Sensor Data: Measuring the voltage and current using the sensors.
2. Power Calculation: Calculating the solar power output based on the sensor data.
3. Online Monitoring: Sending data to the cloud for remote monitoring.

Step 1: Sensor Data Acquisition

#define VOLTAGE_SENSOR_PIN 34  // Example pin for voltage sensor
#define CURRENT_SENSOR_PIN 35  // Example pin for current sensor
float voltage = 0.0;
float current = 0.0;

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(VOLTAGE_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(CURRENT_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  // Wi-Fi setup here (for cloud communication)
}
void loop() 
{
  voltage = analogRead(VOLTAGE_SENSOR_PIN) * (reference_voltage / ADC_resolution) * voltage_scale_factor;
  current = analogRead(CURRENT_SENSOR_PIN) * (reference_voltage / ADC_resolution) * current_scale_factor;
  float power = voltage * current;
  
  Serial.print("Voltage: ");
  Serial.println(voltage);
  Serial.print("Current: ");
  Serial.println(current);
  Serial.print("Power: ");
  Serial.println(power);
  // Send data to cloud platform (via Wi-Fi)
  
  delay(2000);  // Wait for 2 seconds before next reading
}

In this example, replace voltage_scale_factor and current_scale_factor with values determined by the specific sensors you are using.

Step 2: Cloud Platform Integration

To send the sensor data to the cloud, you can use platforms like Blynk. For example, if using Blynk:

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>
char auth[] = "YourBlynkAuthToken";  // Blynk Auth Token
char ssid[] = "YourWiFiSSID";        // Wi-Fi SSID
char pass[] = "YourWiFiPassword";    // Wi-Fi Password

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
}
void loop() 
{
  // Send sensor data to Blynk app
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, voltage);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, current);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, power);
  Blynk.run();
}

In the Blynk app, you can create virtual pins (V1, V2, V3) to display voltage, current, and power in real-time.

Step 3: Power Calculation

The power generated by the solar panel can be calculated using the formula:

$$$$ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">Power (W)=Voltage (V)×Current (A)\text{Power (W)} = \text{Voltage (V)} \times \text{Current (A)}

The ESP32 reads the voltage and current values, computes the power, and sends this data to the cloud for monitoring.

Online Monitoring Platforms

There are various cloud platforms available for monitoring your solar system. Here are a few examples:

1. Blynk

Blynk provides a user-friendly app interface that allows you to monitor the solar system from your smartphone. You can visualize real-time data, create graphs, and set up notifications.

Advantages of the Solar Power Monitoring System

1. Real-time Monitoring: Continuous tracking of solar performance ensures immediate detection of any issues.
2. Remote Access: Data can be accessed from anywhere via the cloud platform.
3. Scalable: The system can be expanded to monitor multiple solar panels or arrays.
4. Cost-effective: Using an ESP32 and affordable sensors keeps the system within budget.
5. Custom Alerts: Set alerts for when the system underperforms, allowing for immediate maintenance.

Conclusion

Building a Solar Power Monitoring Device using ESP32, DC voltage and current sensors, and cloud connectivity provides an efficient and affordable way to keep track of your solar system’s performance. With this device, you can optimize power generation, detect issues early, and ensure that your solar panels are working at maximum efficiency.

The device not only offers local data visualization through an optional LCD display but also provides remote monitoring and historical data analysis through online platforms like Blynk, ThingSpeak, or Firebase. This ensures that your solar investment delivers the best possible returns while contributing to a sustainable, clean energy future.

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Why Everyone Should Switch to Green Energy

As climate change accelerates and the demand for sustainable energy sources grows, the need for green energy solutions is more critical than ever. Solar power, wind energy, and other renewable resources have become viable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, providing a cleaner, more sustainable future for our planet. This article explores the reasons why everyone should switch to green energy, using Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services as a case study in solar installation, design, and repair.

The Urgent Need for Green Energy

1. Environmental Benefits

Green energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike fossil fuels, which release harmful carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, renewable energy is clean and sustainable. Switching to green energy can significantly reduce air pollution, slow the effects of climate change, and help preserve ecosystems for future generations.

2. Energy Independence

Reliance on fossil fuels leaves countries vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil and gas prices, often leading to economic instability. By switching to renewable energy sources like solar power, individuals and businesses can reduce their dependence on non-renewable resources. This independence can lead to stable energy costs and reduce the risks associated with energy supply disruptions.

3. Cost Savings

In recent years, the cost of renewable energy technologies has decreased significantly, making solar and wind power more affordable than ever before. Solar panels, in particular, have become a popular choice due to their low maintenance costs and long lifespan. Once installed, solar systems can provide free energy for decades, reducing electricity bills and offering a high return on investment.

4. Job Creation and Economic Growth

The renewable energy sector is a growing industry that offers numerous job opportunities in installation, maintenance, research, and development. As the world shifts towards a green economy, new industries are emerging, and workers are being retrained to meet the demands of a cleaner energy future. Investing in green energy is not only beneficial for the environment but also contributes to economic growth and stability.

5. Energy Access in Remote Areas

One of the most significant advantages of green energy is its potential to bring electricity to remote and underserved areas. In regions where traditional power grids are not feasible, solar and wind power systems can be installed to provide reliable energy. This is particularly important in developing countries, where access to electricity can improve quality of life, support education, and boost local economies.

Why Solar Energy is the Future

Among the various renewable energy sources, solar power stands out due to its widespread availability, affordability, and versatility. Solar energy is a clean, abundant, and renewable resource that can be harnessed by both residential and commercial users. Here are some reasons why solar energy is the future of sustainable power:

• Low Operating Costs: After the initial installation, solar panels require minimal maintenance, and the energy generated is free, offering significant long-term savings.
• Grid Independence: Solar systems with battery storage allow users to generate and store their own energy, providing power even during outages or in areas without access to a reliable grid.

Case Study: Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services

Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services, a leading provider of solar design, installation, and repair services, exemplifies the growing shift towards green energy solutions. As a company committed to sustainability, Casino has helped countless homes, businesses, and institutions transition to solar power.

Who is Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services?

Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services is an innovative company based in Nigeria that specializes in:

• Solar Panel Installation: Casino offers professional solar panel installation services for both residential and commercial properties, ensuring that clients can generate clean, renewable energy.
• Solar System Design: The company designs custom solar systems tailored to the specific energy needs of each client. From small home setups to large industrial applications, Casino’s solar systems are efficient and cost-effective.
• Solar Repair and Maintenance: Regular maintenance is essential to ensuring the longevity and performance of solar systems. Casino provides comprehensive repair and maintenance services to keep solar systems running at peak efficiency.

With a mission to promote green energy adoption, Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services is playing a vital role in helping Nigeria and the rest of Africa transition to renewable energy.

The Casino Digital Tech Difference

What sets Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services apart is their dedication to customer satisfaction and sustainable energy solutions. The company takes a holistic approach, guiding clients through every step of the solar energy process, from system design to installation and ongoing support.

Key Services:

• Comprehensive Solar Design: Casino offers detailed solar system designs based on individual energy consumption patterns and needs, ensuring optimal efficiency and cost savings.
• Professional Installation: With a team of experienced engineers and technicians, Casino guarantees high-quality installations that meet the highest standards.
• 24/7 Customer Support: Casino provides round-the-clock support for its clients, ensuring that any issues with solar systems are resolved quickly and efficiently.
• Solar System Monitoring: To ensure maximum performance, Casino offers monitoring services that track energy production and system health in real-time.

Success Stories

Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services has successfully installed solar systems in a wide range of settings, including:

• Residential Homes: Casino’s solar installations have helped homeowners significantly reduce their electricity bills while minimizing their carbon footprint.
• Commercial Buildings: Businesses have benefited from lower energy costs and improved energy independence through Casino’s tailored solar solutions.
• Remote Areas: In regions where access to electricity is limited, Casino’s solar installations have provided reliable, off-grid energy, improving the quality of life for local communities.

Why Choose Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services?

Casino is committed to providing affordable, high-quality solar solutions that are accessible to everyone. By choosing Casino for your solar needs, you are not only investing in renewable energy but also contributing to a cleaner, more sustainable future for the planet.

With Casino, you can expect:

• Expertise and Experience: Over the years, Casino has developed a reputation for excellence in solar installation and repair.
• Tailored Solutions: Each project is customized to meet the unique needs of the client.
• Reliable Service: Casino is dedicated to ensuring that your solar system operates efficiently for years to come.

Conclusion

Switching to green energy is no longer just an option—it’s a necessity. With the growing threat of climate change, everyone has a role to play in reducing their carbon footprint and supporting sustainable energy solutions. By making the switch to solar power, you not only reduce your energy costs but also contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable future for generations to come.

Companies like Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services are at the forefront of the green energy revolution, providing expert services in solar installation, design, and maintenance. Whether you’re looking to install a solar system at home or for your business, Casino has the expertise and dedication to make your transition to green energy seamless and successful.

For more information or to get started with your solar project, contact Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services today:

• Phone: +2348146005581
• Email: casinodigitalengineering@gmail.com

Switch to green energy today and join the movement towards a sustainable future with Casino Digital Tech Engineering Services!

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Digital Church Bell Using ESP32, LCD, and DFPlayer Mini

A Digital Church Bell System automates the traditional bell ringing at specified times, making it ideal for churches, schools, or any setting where bells ring at specific intervals. Using modern electronics, this system can play pre-recorded bell sounds stored on a memory card and trigger them based on set times. This article will guide you through designing and building a Digital Church Bell using an ESP32, 16x2 LCD, and DFPlayer Mini. We will cover the necessary components, the working principle, the schematic and PCB layout, and provide source code for the system.

Components Required

To build the Digital Church Bell system, you will need the following components:

• ESP32 microcontroller: The core controller of the system.
• DFPlayer Mini: A small, low-cost MP3 player module that reads audio files from a microSD card.
• 16x2 LCD (I2C interface): To display current time, system status, and scheduling information.
• Real-Time Clock (RTC) module DS3231: For keeping track of time to trigger the bell at the correct moments.
• Push Buttons: For setting bell ringing times and other configurations.
• Amplifier and Speaker: To play the bell sounds loudly.
• Memory card (MicroSD): Stores the bell sounds in MP3 format.
• Power supply: To power the ESP32, DFPlayer Mini, and other components.
• PCB and connectors: For organizing and interconnecting components.

Working Principle

The Digital Church Bell system is designed to ring a bell sound at specific times, such as at the start of services or certain times of the day. The system works by reading the current time from the RTC (DS3231) module and comparing it to pre-configured bell-ringing schedules. When the current time matches a scheduled time, the ESP32 commands the DFPlayer Mini to play a pre-recorded bell sound.

The system allows the user to set ringing times via push buttons, which can be adjusted based on different schedules (e.g., daily, weekly). The LCD display provides real-time feedback, showing the current time, upcoming bell rings, and system status. The EEPROM stores scheduled times, ensuring that the bell schedule persists even after power loss.

Key Features:

1. Automatic Bell Ringing: Rings the bell at scheduled times without manual intervention.
2. Real-Time Clock (RTC): Ensures accurate timekeeping for triggering the bell.
3. DFPlayer Mini MP3 Module: Plays pre-recorded bell sounds stored on a microSD card.
4. LCD Display: Provides feedback on the current time, bell status, and allows for easy configuration.
5. EEPROM Storage: Saves scheduled times, so the system retains settings after power loss.
6. Easy Configuration: Push buttons allow for manual adjustment of ringing times.

Schematic Diagram

Below is the schematic diagram of the Digital Church Bell System:

Key Schematic Connections:

• ESP32 to DS3231 RTC: The I2C pins (SDA, SCL) of the DS3231 connect to the ESP32 to read the current time.
• ESP32 to DFPlayer Mini: The TX pin of the ESP32 connects to the RX pin of the DFPlayer Mini for serial communication.
• ESP32 to LCD: The I2C pins of the LCD display are connected to the same I2C bus as the RTC module.
• Push Buttons: Connected to the ESP32 GPIO pins, used to set bell ringing times.
• Speaker and Amplifier: Connected to the DFPlayer Mini to amplify and play the bell sound.

PCB Layout

The PCB layout is designed to ensure all components fit neatly and operate efficiently. The PCB layout accommodates the ESP32, DFPlayer Mini, RTC, LCD display, and buttons. Special care is taken in the design to avoid interference between the audio signals and the digital circuits.

DOWNLOAD PCB FILES

Source Code

Here’s the source code for the Digital Church Bell system. It allows you to set and trigger bell sounds based on the current time using the RTC, and play audio files stored on the microSD card through the DFPlayer Mini.

Code Explanation:

1. RTC Integration: The DS3231 module provides the current time, which is compared against the bell's scheduled time.
2. DFPlayer Mini Control: The ESP32 uses serial communication to instruct the DFPlayer Mini to play the selected MP3 file (the church bell sound).
3. Button Handling: Push buttons are used to set the bell's ringing time.
4. EEPROM Storage: The bell ringing time is saved in EEPROM, ensuring it remains even after power loss.

Setting Bell Times

Users can configure the bell ringing times using the SET, UP, and DOWN buttons. Once the desired time is set, the system will automatically ring the bell at that time every day.

Conclusion

The Digital Church Bell System using ESP32, DFPlayer Mini, and RTC DS3231 provides a modern, automated solution to the traditional bell ringing system. This device can be used in churches, schools, or any institution that requires scheduled bell ringing, allowing for easy control and automation. The system's flexibility, ease of use, and reliability make it an ideal solution for automating bell sounds without requiring manual intervention.

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SMART LOAD CONTROL DEVICE ESP32

Smart Time-Based Load Control Device Using ESP32

In today's world of automation, controlling electrical devices based on time schedules is a vital aspect of home and industrial automation. A Smart Time-Based Load Control Device using the ESP32 microcontroller offers a powerful and flexible solution to manage electrical loads based on pre-configured schedules. This device is ideal for controlling devices like lighting systems, heating units, or other appliances automatically, making it energy-efficient and convenient.

In this article, we will explore how to design and implement a Smart Time-Based Load Control System using the ESP32 microcontroller. We will provide an overview of the components used, the system's working principle, the schematic and PCB layout, and the source code for programming the ESP32.

Components Required

To build this device, the following components are required:

• ESP32 microcontroller: The brain of the system responsible for controlling the loads.
• Real-Time Clock (RTC) module DS3231: Provides accurate time for scheduling load control operations.
• 16x2 LCD Display (I2C interface): For displaying the current time and system status.
• Relay Module (3 Channels): Used for switching electrical loads (e.g., lights, fans, appliances) ON or OFF.
• Push Buttons: To set the ON/OFF times.
• EEPROM: For storing scheduled ON/OFF times even after power loss.
• Power Supply (5V and 3.3V regulators): To power the ESP32 and the other components.
• PCB and connectors: To organize and interconnect components.

Working Principle

The Smart Time-Based Load Control System works by allowing the user to pre-set ON and OFF times for the connected loads. The RTC (DS3231) module keeps track of the time accurately, and the ESP32 continuously monitors the current time. When the scheduled ON or OFF time is reached, the corresponding relay is activated or deactivated, controlling the connected load.

This system is highly flexible, as users can manually set or update the time schedules via push buttons. The LCD display shows the current time and system status, providing real-time feedback. Additionally, the EEPROM stores the time schedules, ensuring the system retains its functionality even after a power outage.

System Features:

1. Manual Time Scheduling: Users can manually set ON and OFF times using the provided buttons.
2. Real-Time Clock (RTC): The DS3231 provides accurate timekeeping, ensuring that load operations are performed on time.
3. EEPROM for Data Storage: Saves time settings permanently, even after power loss.
4. Flexible Load Control: Capable of controlling up to three separate loads.
5. LCD Display for Status: Provides real-time feedback on the current time and system status.

Schematic Diagram

Key Schematic Connections:

• ESP32 to DS3231 RTC: The I2C pins of the DS3231 are connected to the ESP32's I2C bus (SDA, SCL pins).
• ESP32 to Relay Module: Digital GPIO pins of the ESP32 are connected to the IN pins of the relay module to control the relays.
• ESP32 to LCD: The I2C pins of the LCD are connected to the same I2C bus as the RTC.
• Push Buttons to ESP32: Buttons are connected to digital GPIO pins, and they are used to set the ON/OFF times.
• Power Supply: The ESP32 is powered with 3.3V, while the relay and other components use a 5V power supply.

PCB Layout

The PCB layout was designed to accommodate all components and ensure that the circuit is compact and efficient. The PCB includes headers for connecting the ESP32, RTC module, relays, push buttons, and LCD display. The design prioritizes clean signal routing and minimizes noise interference to ensure reliable operation of the system.

Source Code

Here’s a simplified version of the source code to get you started. The code is designed to allow users to set ON and OFF times via push buttons, and it controls the relays accordingly based on the scheduled times.

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The code uses EEPROM to store the ON and OFF times, ensuring that the system can restore the schedule even after a power outage. EEPROM addresses are used to read and write the time values.

Conclusion

The Smart Time-Based Load Control Device using ESP32 is a practical and efficient system for managing electrical loads based on a scheduled time. It is highly versatile, can handle multiple loads, and offers user-friendly operation with the LCD interface and push buttons. The system is also energy-efficient, as it ensures devices are only powered on when needed, reducing unnecessary electricity usage.

By leveraging the power of the ESP32, RTC, and relays, this project can be adapted for various applications, such as home automation, industrial automation, and energy management.

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dspic30f2010 inverter hex file inverter project full with hex file and schematic

A sine wave inverter converts DC (Direct Current) power into AC (Alternating Current) power. It is commonly used in applications such as solar power systems, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) systems, and portable power systems for camping or outdoor use.

The DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller is widely recognized for its exceptional performance and affordability, making it a popular choice for implementing sine wave inverters. In this article, we will explore the design and implementation of a sine wave inverter using the DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller.

Design Considerations:

Before embarking on the design of the circuit and code for the sine wave inverter, it is important to take into account several design considerations. Here are some examples:

The size of the components used in the circuit will be determined by the resulting power of the inverter. The power output can vary from a few watts to several kilowatts, depending on the specific application.

The voltage output of the inverter will depend on the specific application. As an electrical engineer, you may encounter different voltage outputs in a solar power system, such as 120V AC or 240V AC.

The outcome recurrence of the inverter will depend on the application. As an electrical engineer, it’s worth noting that the standard frequency in the US is 60Hz, whereas in Europe it’s 50Hz.

Efficiency is a crucial factor to consider when evaluating the inverter’s impact on the overall performance and cost of the system. An inverter with improved efficiency will result in reduced power consumption and lower output intensity.

The waveform of the resulting signal is an important consideration. A pure sine wave output is the preferred waveform as it produces minimal harmonic distortion and poses less risk of damaging delicate devices.

Designing Circuits:

The circuit design for the sine wave inverter using the DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller is shown in the figure below.

Graph of a Sine Wave Inverter Circuit

The circuit consists of several components:

DC Power Supply: The DC power supply can be a battery or a solar board depending on the application.

The DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller serves as the central component of the inverter. It generates a PWM signal that is used to power the MOSFETs.

The IR2110 MOSFET driver is used to drive the MOSFETs. It produces a high voltage and high current output that is intended to power the MOSFETs.

Utilizing MOSFETs, the DC power supply can be switched on and off at the frequency of the PWM signal. The circuit can use IRF3205 MOSFETs or similar options.

LC Channel: The LC channel consists of an inductor and capacitor that work together to optimize the square wave output of the MOSFETs, resulting in a sine wave output.

Load: The heap is linked to the outcome of the LC channel. The heap can serve as a resistive load or an AC motor depending on the application.

Hey there, I’m hosting a giveaway for an awesome inverter project! This project is a digital pure sine wave inverter based on the dspic30f2010 microcontroller. It has some really cool functions that you’ll love!

1. Presetting low battery levels through calibration
2. Safeguarding against 440v mains

3. The current range of the PWM battery charger is from 5A to 20A.

4. Protection against inverter overload
5. Protection against short circuits
6. Sensitive to current and voltage in isolated AC mains.
7. The voltage range is from 100V AC to 230V AC at 50/60 hertz, with low noise.

LCD display is used to show various important information such as battery voltage, output voltage, input voltage, load wattage, charging current, and more. In this case, you have the option of choosing between a 7.162 or 164 LCD display.

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