SMART LOAD CONTROL DEVICE ESP32

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Smart Time-Based Load Control Device Using ESP32


In today's world of automation, controlling electrical devices based on time schedules is a vital aspect of home and industrial automation. A Smart Time-Based Load Control Device using the ESP32 microcontroller offers a powerful and flexible solution to manage electrical loads based on pre-configured schedules. This device is ideal for controlling devices like lighting systems, heating units, or other appliances automatically, making it energy-efficient and convenient.

In this article, we will explore how to design and implement a Smart Time-Based Load Control System using the ESP32 microcontroller. We will provide an overview of the components used, the system's working principle, the schematic and PCB layout, and the source code for programming the ESP32.

Components Required

To build this device, the following components are required:

  • ESP32 microcontroller: The brain of the system responsible for controlling the loads.
  • Real-Time Clock (RTC) module DS3231: Provides accurate time for scheduling load control operations.
  • 16x2 LCD Display (I2C interface): For displaying the current time and system status.
  • Relay Module (3 Channels): Used for switching electrical loads (e.g., lights, fans, appliances) ON or OFF.
  • Push Buttons: To set the ON/OFF times.
  • EEPROM: For storing scheduled ON/OFF times even after power loss.
  • Power Supply (5V and 3.3V regulators): To power the ESP32 and the other components.
  • PCB and connectors: To organize and interconnect components.

Working Principle

The Smart Time-Based Load Control System works by allowing the user to pre-set ON and OFF times for the connected loads. The RTC (DS3231) module keeps track of the time accurately, and the ESP32 continuously monitors the current time. When the scheduled ON or OFF time is reached, the corresponding relay is activated or deactivated, controlling the connected load.

This system is highly flexible, as users can manually set or update the time schedules via push buttons. The LCD display shows the current time and system status, providing real-time feedback. Additionally, the EEPROM stores the time schedules, ensuring the system retains its functionality even after a power outage.

System Features:

  1. Manual Time Scheduling: Users can manually set ON and OFF times using the provided buttons.
  2. Real-Time Clock (RTC): The DS3231 provides accurate timekeeping, ensuring that load operations are performed on time.
  3. EEPROM for Data Storage: Saves time settings permanently, even after power loss.
  4. Flexible Load Control: Capable of controlling up to three separate loads.
  5. LCD Display for Status: Provides real-time feedback on the current time and system status.

Schematic Diagram

Key Schematic Connections:

  • ESP32 to DS3231 RTC: The I2C pins of the DS3231 are connected to the ESP32's I2C bus (SDA, SCL pins).
  • ESP32 to Relay Module: Digital GPIO pins of the ESP32 are connected to the IN pins of the relay module to control the relays.
  • ESP32 to LCD: The I2C pins of the LCD are connected to the same I2C bus as the RTC.
  • Push Buttons to ESP32: Buttons are connected to digital GPIO pins, and they are used to set the ON/OFF times.
  • Power Supply: The ESP32 is powered with 3.3V, while the relay and other components use a 5V power supply.

PCB Layout

The PCB layout was designed to accommodate all components and ensure that the circuit is compact and efficient. The PCB includes headers for connecting the ESP32, RTC module, relays, push buttons, and LCD display. The design prioritizes clean signal routing and minimizes noise interference to ensure reliable operation of the system.

Source Code

Here’s a simplified version of the source code to get you started. The code is designed to allow users to set ON and OFF times via push buttons, and it controls the relays accordingly based on the scheduled times.

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The code uses EEPROM to store the ON and OFF times, ensuring that the system can restore the schedule even after a power outage. EEPROM addresses are used to read and write the time values.

Conclusion

The Smart Time-Based Load Control Device using ESP32 is a practical and efficient system for managing electrical loads based on a scheduled time. It is highly versatile, can handle multiple loads, and offers user-friendly operation with the LCD interface and push buttons. The system is also energy-efficient, as it ensures devices are only powered on when needed, reducing unnecessary electricity usage.

By leveraging the power of the ESP32, RTC, and relays, this project can be adapted for various applications, such as home automation, industrial automation, and energy management.

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